A cavity, also known as dental caries or tooth decay, is a small hole or lesion in the tooth caused by the demineralization of enamel and dentin by acids produced by bacteria in plaque. Cavities can occur on any surface of the tooth and often develop in areas where plaque accumulates, such as between teeth and along the gumline. Symptoms of cavities may include tooth sensitivity, pain when biting or chewing, and visible pits or discoloration on the tooth surface. Left untreated, cavities can progress and lead to more extensive damage, infection, and tooth loss. Treatment for cavities typically involves removing the decayed tooth structure and restoring the tooth with a filling, crown, or other dental restoration.