A dental abscess is a localized collection of pus caused by a bacterial infection in the tooth, gum, or surrounding tissues. It typically results from untreated dental decay, gum disease, or trauma that allows bacteria to penetrate the tooth’s pulp chamber or the surrounding soft tissues, leading to infection, inflammation, and pus formation.
There are two main types of dental abscesses: periapical abscesses, which occur at the tip of the tooth’s root, and periodontal abscesses, which occur in the gums next to a tooth root. Common signs and symptoms of a dental abscess may include severe toothache, throbbing or persistent pain, swelling or redness in the gums or face, fever, foul taste or odor, and difficulty chewing or swallowing.
Dental abscesses are considered dental emergencies and require prompt evaluation and treatment by a dentist or oral surgeon to prevent complications and alleviate symptoms. Treatment for a dental abscess typically involves draining the abscess to remove pus and relieve pressure, followed by root canal therapy or tooth extraction to eliminate the source of infection.
In cases of severe infection or systemic symptoms, antibiotics may be prescribed to help control the infection and prevent its spread to other parts of the body. Pain management techniques such as over-the-counter or prescription pain relievers and warm saltwater rinses may also provide temporary relief from discomfort.
Preventing dental abscesses involves practicing good oral hygiene habits, including brushing teeth twice daily with fluoride toothpaste, flossing between teeth daily, and attending regular dental check-ups and cleanings to detect and treat dental problems early. Avoiding tobacco use, maintaining a healthy diet low in sugar and acidic foods, and wearing mouthguards to protect teeth during sports or activities can further reduce the risk of dental abscesses and other oral health issues.