A root canal is a dental procedure performed to treat infection or damage to the pulp of a tooth. It involves removing the infected or inflamed pulp tissue from the inside of the tooth, disinfecting the root canals, and filling them to prevent further infection. Root canals are necessary when the pulp becomes infected due to deep decay, trauma, or repeated dental procedures on the tooth. Symptoms of pulp infection may include severe toothache, swelling, and sensitivity to hot or cold temperatures. Root canal therapy can save a severely damaged or infected tooth from extraction and alleviate pain, allowing the tooth to function normally for many years with proper care.